“Nuestra Musica”

Siempre hay tiempo para recordar a nuestros raices

Me dio risa infinita el servicio del Auto tag, ajaja  ta bien amiguitos

Amid all this sorrow,grief,killing,uncertainty,market crashing,armageddon coming,euro collapsing.. please enjoy some music.

 

Amid all this sorrow,grief,killing,uncertainty,market crashing,armageddon coming,euro collapsing,nuclear war approaching.. anything… Please enjoy some great music:D I do love the Highlands,I had the best years of my life there:)If there is one place \i’d love to go back to besides my own country that would be Scotland

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How many people have died so that your diamond could live forever?

 

How many people have died so that your diamond could live forever?

• The first recorded history of the diamond dates back some 3,000 years to India
• Decorative, brilliance, and probably rarity
• Many myths
• At one time ingested in the hope of curing sickness
• During the Middle Ages – diamonds gained monetary value – mine owners perpetuated myths that diamonds were poisonous – to prevent the mineworkers swallowing the diamonds in attempt to smuggle them out of the mines

What are diamonds?
• Carbon, same as graphite – what we use in pencils
• Has amazing properties – will see how these affect uses
• Probably most famous for it’s hardness:
• Hardest substance on earth, 10 on Mohs
• Exponentially harder than corundum (from which rubies and sapphires are formed) which is 9
• It is difficult to measure hardness (scratch)- diamond must be used to measure its own hardness
• To abrade a diamond – use another diamond to abrade diamond along its softer directions by the action of its harder directions – direction parallel to the crystal axes are those of least hardness.
• Hardest diamonds in the world – from the New South Wales, Australia – also used to polish other diamonds.
• “hardest substance on earth” is now also a myth: Physicists – Germany have created a material that is harder than diamond – made the new material by subjecting carbon-60 molecules to immense pressures – new form of carbon known as aggregated diamond nanorods
• Despite hardness- are not unbreakable: A diamond’s crystal structure has “hard” and “soft” directions. A blow of sufficient force, in a very exact direction, can crack, chip, split or even shatter a diamond – which is how they cut diamonds
• Other properties:
• least compressible substance
• stiffest substance
• extremely low thermal expansion
• inert with respect to most acids and alkalis
• is one of only a few materials with a negative electron affinity – as result will repel water (unusual property for a mineral) but will readily accept wax and grease
• is transparent from the far infrared through the deep ultraviolet
• highest index of reflectance and refraction of any transparent substance = light-bending ability -able to throw back almost all the light that enters a well cut gem
• exhibits strong dispersion = ability to separate the various colors of the spectrum – causes the gem to throw back the bright flashes of separated colors (“fire”)
• many diamonds glow in the dark:
o when illuminated by ultraviolet light, certain diamonds can absorb the high-energy radiation and re-emit it as visible light (blue to violet) = fluorescent
o some of those even continue glowing (yellow) after the ultraviolet source is turned off = phosphorescent

• Diamonds occur in every color of the rainbow – cause lies at atomic level
• In pure diamond visible light does not possess enough energy to excite electrons in the bonds and consequently no light is absorbed in the visible band and all the light falling on the diamond is transmitted and refracted back to the eye causing the diamond to appear completely colourless.
• However, most diamonds are not perfect. The diamond lattice contains impurities such as nitrogen and the lattice is sometimes defective with a missing atom
o Yellow: Nitrogen is the cause of colour in these diamonds.
Brown: Plastic deformation of the diamond lattice whilst in the earth.
Pink & Mauve: Plastic deformation of the diamond lattice in the upper mantle region of the earth.
Black: Caused by a vast quantity of dark opaque inclusions.
Blue: Boron impurity in the lattice.
Green: Caused by alpha particle radiation.
• The rarest colors are red and purple, and combinations of those two colors.
• Yellow and brown are the most common color of diamond
• Colorless is the most popular as far as jewelry is concerned
• Blues and greens are very rare, especially naturally colored stones
• Some lightly colored diamonds (light light pink, light light blue, etc.) are irradiated to make their color more intense – darkening the outer part of the stone all the way around – process is permanent and professionally accepted in the diamond industry
• Most exciting properties:
• ability to be a semiconductor when doped with boron
• exceptional thermal conductor – 4 times better than copper
• called “ice” with good reason. Objects feel cold not only because they are at a lower temperature than our bodies, but also because they can extract or conduct the heat away from us. When you touch a diamond to your lips, it feels ice-cold because it robs your lips of their heat.

What are diamonds used for:
• Aside from making a few people very very rich and financing wars …
• 25% of mined diamonds used in jewellery – based on optical properties
• Diamond is the most important gemstone in the industry – 80 % of the gem trade
• Only 20 percent of mined diamonds are used in jewelry
• An average of 250 tonnes of ore must be mined in order to produce a one-carat gem quality polished diamond
• 4 c’s used to determine the relative value of a diamond”
• Cut – brilliant is best for revealing optical properties
• Clarity – when diamonds have inclusions they loose some of their refractive property making them less brilliant
• Colour – degree of transparency of a diamond – graded from a scale of D (colorless) to Z. The clear diamonds are the most popular
• Carat – comes from the carob seed – used as a measure in ancient India because it was small and consistent in weight. A carat weighs 1/142nd of an ounce. That is, 142 carats = 1 ounce.
• Special diamonds like:
• The Cullinan Diamond – South Africa – 1905 – 1.5 lbs – 3,106 carats – took 3 months just to decide how to cut it, what shapes to give the finished gems in order to maximize yield from the rough – yielded 9 major stones, 96 brilliant cut diamonds, and 9.50 carats of unpolished pieces – 65% lost as part of cutting process
• Re Life Gem: The remains of one person typically yield a diamond between .25 carats and 1.3 carats – insurance issues!
• 75% of mined diamonds used in industry
• Abrasives and cutting tools
• cut much faster and accurately than other tools – metals can be sliced thinner than human hair by the diamond blade – take advantage of hardness properties
• Diamond-studded rotary bits are used to drill oil wells and bore tunnels in solid rock
• Glass cutters
• Low-grade diamond crushed to dust
• sorted by grain size through special sieves
• used as abrasive powder – e.g. to cut and polish gems
• powder is either sintered into metal disks, formed in carbide grinding wheels, pressed into metal, or mixed in an oil paste
• Very thin wire formed by pulling thick wire through a graduated series of diamonds with tiny holes drilled through them
• Although used to cut, grind, and polish many materials, diamonds aren’t used to machine alloys of iron because the diamond abrades very quickly, due to a high-temperature reaction between iron and carbon
• Mechanical parts that must resist wear, undergo a sudden temperature changes and that must not change size, create friction or rust
• No friction is created when rubbing them together – Some machines turn at 90 000 revolutions a minute – no lubrications are needed to keep the bearing from wearing away
• Diamond anvils
• E.g. expose microbe samples to pressures 16,000 times greater than typical sea-level pressure – similar to pressures that exist about 50 kilometers under the Earth’s crust – about 1% survived under these conditions for 30 hours – suggested might also be able to withstand the sort of high-pressure environments found in the Earth’s deep subduction zones or on Jupiter’s moons Europa, Callisto and Ganymede
• Future uses – have been too expensive up until now but … – market for industrial diamond is growing at 10% to 15% per annum
• molecular structure – ideal for handling high voltages – switches for big municipal power grids
• lasers of extreme power
• biological sensors – one day be implanted in the human body – resist corrosion
• frictionless medical replacement joints
• coatings that could withstand extreme heat and would never scratch or wear out
• windows on spacecraft as they leave and re-enter Earth’s atmosphere
• a wear-resistant coating for military equipment -withstand the searing heat of more sophisticated lasers
• computing
• high thermal conductivity (ice) – to extract heat from electronic devices or coat integrated circuits so don’t have to cool components individually – allowing them to be smaller and more powerful – at speeds that would melt innards of today’s computers (consider heat of a laptop)
• cellphones could fit in watches – iPods could store 10,000 movies not just 10,000 songs
• What makes future uses possible … related to how diamonds are formed …

How are diamonds formed?

• Natural diamond likely the oldest thing you will ever own – two thirds the age of the Earth
• Formed on Earth approx.3 billion years ago – 150 km beneath the earth’s surface – very high temperatures (between 900 and 1300 degrees Celsius) and great pressure
• Most delivered to surface by explosive, gas-rich magmas rising at speeds up to several 100’s km per hour – up through pipe-like structures = pipes
• Kimberlite = rock formed by this magma
• If magma happens to encounter diamonds at depth – carries diamonds with it to surface = diamondiferous kimberlite – Only one in 5 pipes is diamondiferous – only 1% of pipes worldwide are economic
• The geographical distribution of kimberlites is not random – are located in the oldest parts of the continents – Archean cratons – rocks older that 2.5 billion years
• Kimberlites occur in clusters of several pipes – pipes in a cluster are typically at most tens of kilometres apart
• Some diamonds incorporated in rocks during great collisions and upheaval of continental plates
• Tiny, powder-sized diamonds also formed by shock waves from explosions – e.g. impact diamonds formed by meteorite bombardment
• Others formed in space by same way – impact = solar diamonds

• Synthetic diamonds – produced since 1950’s by high temperature (1400 C)/pressure (55,000 atmospheres) techniques and shock wave techniques to change graphite into diamond – but only tiny, powder-sized diamonds could be produced
• Today 100 metric tons synthetic diamonds produced annually
• 2 methods to produce synthetic diamond:
1. High Pressure High Temperature Synthesis (HPHT)
• graphite + metallic catalyst placed in a hydraulic press under high temperatures and pressures
• Over the period of a few hours the graphite converts to diamond
• few millimeters in size – too flawed for use as gemstones – extremely useful as edges on cutting tools and drill-bits and for being compressed to generate very high pressures
• so routine that thousands of small plants all over China pour out synthetic diamonds suitable for cutting stone
• Gem-quality diamonds of one carat or more, however, are trickier because at that size it’s difficult to consistently produce diamonds of high quality, even in the controlled environment of a lab

2. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) –diamond’s future potential lies in this process
• Produces Thin Film Diamonds
• low-pressure, high-temperature method – uses heat energy from plasma and a combination of gases to rain carbon atoms on a starter seed of the gem, which gradually grows into a larger single-crystal diamond
• produces a more uniform, consistent diamond in sizes large enough to make an effective transistor

Where are diamonds found? (See Atlas of Canada)
• Top diamond producing countries: Australia (Argyle = world’s largest mine; only 5% gem quality), various African countries (Botswana, Congo Republic, South Africa), Canada, Russia
• In 2005, Canada produced 12 million carats of diamonds with a value of $1.663 Billion CDN
• 3? operational mines in Canada, the Diavik, Ekati, Jericho, Snap Lake (Attawapiskat; DeBeers) mine
• Canada is 3rd largest diamond producer in terms of value – 6th in terms of volume – sector in early development
• We have good kimberlite!
• Kimberlite normally yields an average of 1 carat (equivalent to one-fifth of a gram) per metric ton of rock – one of the Diavik mine pipes yields an average of 4.8 carats per ton, a large proportion of which are high quality gems, and is thought to be the richest pipe in the world
• The ratio of diamond-producing kimberlites is also much higher in Canada
o It has been reported that 3.1 % of the 540 kimberlites found in Canada prior to 2003 were worth mining
o By comparison, only 0.7 % of the 6395 kimberlites found across the globe were worth mining
o That means Canadian mines are four times more likely to be successful
• Lots of potential in Saskatchewan:
• One of the largest known kimberlite clusters in the world
• Recall, on average, 20% of kimberlite pipes are diamondiferous – 80% of Saskatchewans’ kimberlite pipes are diamondiferous
• 130 of the 2000 kimberlite pipes known worldwide are macro-diamond bearing. 23 of these are located in Saskatchewan.

• Canada is forecasted to become the most important diamond-producing country in the world over the next twenty years
• Canada has a lot of diamond potential, we were just slow to the starting gate
• Recall placer deposits – diamonds usually found by following trail of diamonds eroded and transported away from kimberlite pipe by rivers – but glaciers confused the issue – advancing glaciers have dispersed the material that was eroded before and during the glaciation during the Ice Age
• Wasn’t until 1980’s that 2 B.C. prospectors finally found diamonds in the NWT – sparked largest staking rush in the world – exploration crews threw wooden stakes bearing claim tags from helicopters so as to not waste time landing
• critical areas of discovery: Nunavut, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories and Ontario
• Canada also important because along with Australia broke the DeBeers cartel – produce diamonds out of DeBeers control
• Canada’s nature as a country has changed the world of diamonds – we produce clean diamonds in a lawful country; modern and democratic
• NWT First gov’t in the world to brand it’s diamonds – laser-inscribed and with certificates of authenticity
• And now have lured in some of world’s largest cutting and polishing firms into the country so that diamonds don’t have to be transported (and possibly mixed/exchanged for blood diamonds)

How are diamonds mined and processed?
• Hard rock
• Open pit or underground
• The host rocks are crushed – diamonds are separated from the lighter minerals by gravimetric methods such as rotating pans – produces a heavy mineral concentrate
• One of two things is done with the concentrate:
• blended with water and passed over a sloping table covered with a mixture of wax and grease – “grease table” – diamonds stick to the table, while the wetted waste minerals wash over it ; or
• passed in a dry state through an x-ray sorting machine – Diamonds fluoresce when exposed to x-rays – Sensors detect the flashes of light emitted by the diamonds – sends a signal to the microprocessor that fires an air blaster valve at the appropriate moment, blowing the diamonds into a collection box

• Alluvial, placer, marine deposits
• Where has been eroded from pipe and deposited away from source – river gravels, beach terraces, off-shore marine deposits
• May be mechanized, often human labour = artisanal mining, literally digging and sifting through deposits
• Alluvial or “artisanal” diamond mining from secondary-deposits still accounts for 90% of West Africa’s diamond exports – Sierra Leone’s second largest ’employer’ after subsistence

Beyond the mine:

• Weighed and valued by the mining company and the gov’t
• Then all diamonds are shipped to Antwerp or London where they are appraised and valued
• Once a month there is a sale or a ‘sight’ – buyer presented with a parcel of uncut stones and must either purchase or reject the entire package without choosing among the various stones
• Then on to India, Israel, New York or London to be cut
• ? appraising and cutting now done in Canada ?
• Cutting and polishing takes several hours to several months to complete – during which diamond loses on average, half of original weight
• Diamonds will be either cut or cleaved to size using a paper-thin metal disc coated with diamond dust or a laser, or split along the grain by a single blow from a steel blade
• Next, 58 facets are ground and polished onto the stone – and they have to be done so in correct proportion so that 1/3 of the total weight is above the girdle and 2/3rds is below – and that light reflects perfectly
• Then set

Issues surrounding diamonds:
• Conflict or blood diamonds
• DeBeers cartel
• Child labour
• Health and welfare of diamond miners/cutters
• Environmental impact of mines
• Aboriginal land claims and diamond mines

 

Eventually We All Will Have To Move,But You,Yes you.. Where are you now?

 

The time that YOU weren’t moving has passed.Now it’s the time to move, It is the time to take some action along with citizens from all over the world.Just take a look around you you are surrounded by wires,cables and remotes Just as they wanted you to be.. or me.. well throw them away and let’s get on the streets to demand what IT has always been ours! OUR rights and OUR lives!




 

A gold Mining Company with Unknown Phone number and Location

 

European Goldfields holds a 65% interest in Hellas Gold S.A. Hellas Gold owns assets in Northern Greece which include 70 year mining concessions over a total area of 317 km2 and three polymetallic near-production deposits, known as Olympias, Stratoni and Skouries, with total proven and probable reserves of 17.04Moz of gold equivalent (65% attributable: 11.08Moz).

The Stratoni orebody is a polymetallic massive replacement-type deposit with proven and probable reserves totalling 1.64Mt of ore grading 7.6% lead, 10.2% zinc and 179g/t silver.The Stratoni facility consists of two mining operations, Madem Lakkos and Mavres Petres mines as well as the nearby Stratoni milling complex. In March 2005, Hellas Gold was awarded by the Greek state all environmental permits for mining operations at the Stratoni deposit. Following normal procedure, a technical committee formed by the Greek government is completing a final overview of Hellas Gold’s mining plan for the Stratoni deposit. Final approval to commence mining operations is expected shortly.

Hellas Gold expects to start mining operations during the second quarter of 2005 by means of the existing adit while excavating a new access tunnel to the Stratoni reserves.

:: Update :: Upgrade
Note

The Stratoni Operations comprise the Mavres Petres and Madem Lakkos mines as well as the Stratoni mill.
:: Update :: Upgrade
General Information
Stratoni Operations: Base Metals Mine (710 000 t grading 11.4% Zn, 9.4% Pb, 235 g/t Ag)
Status: Underway
Find Related: [ News Items | Pages ]
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Related Organisations
has shareholder: Hellas Gold SA
has shareholder: TVX Gold Inc.
:: Update :: Upgrade
Contact Information
Phone: Not Known
Fax: Not Known
E-mail: Not Known
Location: Greece
Latitude/Longitude: Not Known

 

The Gulf Oil Disaster: 1 image equals 1000 Words

Hey hi ) I dont agree 100% with Alex Jones,Infowars or /and Jesse Ventura but I have to admit they both hit a nerve. Something wasn’t adding up in both disasters.Something wasn’t right. And I say that as an ex Oil Engineer/Researcher.Something wasn’t right from the beginning. My apologies it took me so long to end up on this one.concentrating all theories which.. BTW.. they are not conspiracies.. Those are your only reality.. Scroll back at my older Oil posts.. something is Greasy,many interests not even in conflict but working together.

Even the Anaheim event was staged. I mean Jesus..

Restricted U.S. Military Multi-Service Air Operations in Maritime Surface Warfare Manual (pdf)

 

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This publication provides multi-Service TTP for the seamless integration of air assets during the conduct of maritime surface warfare. The maritime domain is defined as the oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the airspace above these, including the littorals. AOMSW is intended to support the joint force commander’s (JFC’s) objectives by providing capabilities/forces in support of joint maritime operations. The end state of this publication is a streamlined support process for maritime surface warfare within the joint force maritime component commander’s (JFMCC’s) area of operations (AO).

…

3. Surface Warfare Considerations

a. When the find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess (F2T2EA) steps of the joint targeting process are applied to the maritime domain operations are complicated by factors such as adverse weather; mobility; threats; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capability; and weapons’ capability. To overcome limitations involved in completing the targeting process on maritime surface targets, this MTTP publication identifies tactical C2 factors, planning considerations, and execution processes in order to augment traditional naval roles such as:

(1) Protecting sea lines of communication

(2) Denying the enemy commercial and military use of the seas

(3) Establishing maritime power projection

(4) Protecting naval logistic support to forward deployed battle forces

b. While there are many similarities between air operations over land and sea, important differences exist:

(1) Lack of visual/terrain references at sea. The lack of visual references adversely affects not only the ability to navigate but also the ability to quickly orient an aircrew to the tactical picture for safety and targeting. The lack of terrain eliminates the capability of low altitude aviation assets to employ terrain masking for threat avoidance. Therefore, these assets will often be within range of a surface ship’s weapon systems when attack criteria are achieved.

(2) Target identification (ID). Similarities in ship design, appearance, and density of surface traffic require aircrew threat training tailored to the maritime environment.

(3) Naval vessel mobility. Surface vessel mobility negates the effectiveness of coordinate seeking weapons. A vessel’s mobility coupled with poor weather conditions can increase difficulties in performing visual identification and complicate targeting.

(4) Friendlies/Neutrals/Noncombatants. The vast majority of maritime vessels are commercial shipping representing every major nation in the world. Their presence in the midst of an emerging tactical picture has fratricide and collateral damage implications.

(5) Maritime rules of engagement (ROE). The maritime environment encompasses historical laws of the sea which impact ROE (e.g., territorial waters versus high seas).

(6) Maritime airspace control. Nearly every combatant has a powerful radar sensor/weapons system; as a result, maritime airspace control tends to be more positive vice procedural. This emphasis on positive control involves more controlling agencies within the maritime domain. (e.g., REDCROWN [RC], GREENCROWN [GC], STRIKE control)

(7) Tactical C2. While the maritime environment contains common tactical C2 such as a forward air controller (airborne) (FAC[A]) and a strike coordination and reconnaissance coordinator (SCARC), it also employs tactical C2 unique to the maritime environment such as a maritime air controller (MAC) and an aircraft control unit (ACU).

(8) Composite warfare commander (CWC) nomenclature. Maritime forces are scalable in size and capabilities; therefore, a unique naming convention has evolved to accommodate this scalability within the CWC command structure. See chapter II for additional details.

(9) Naval flight operations. The very nature of naval flight operations is that they are mobile; the large deck aircraft carriers and smaller combatant vessels possess aviation detachments. The location of high-density flight operations is ever changing, requiring constant coordination for safe deconfliction.

(10) Sub-surface operations. Deconfliction of surface warfare and subsurface operations will be coordinated at the CWC level. Aircrew should immediately report the location of all submarines, when spotted, to the CWC.

 

Tasmania cannot sell a lie

 

When I developed the Tasmanian Business and Industry Strategy in the 1990’s to transform our failing economy from a dig it up and cut it down “quarry” to one based on our world renowned natural advantages, I emphasised that “Clean and Green” would only be successful, if it was authentic.

You cannot sell a lie and get away with it indefinitely. Protection of the brand is all important in business and it is all important to Tasmania.

That is even more so today with Google Earth and the Internet providing immediate access to maps, photographs, live footage and information so that anyone can check claims that are made in a matter of minutes. Premier Giddings, Senator Abetz and their Legislative Council colleagues need to recognise that trying to engage in cover up, in a “keep logging but don’t tell anyone” strategy, only leads to greater scandals when the cover up is exposed.

Senator Abetz says that Ta Ann uses regrowth and plantation timber younger than Senator Brown. Go to http://www.observertree.org and see for yourself. Miranda Gibson is sitting up a tree in a native forest coupe that has never been logged. These areas are often called ‘regrowth’ because a fire went through it in the past 100 years but the use of the word regrowth makes people think the area has been logged. So who is engaging in misinformation Senator Abetz?

Miranda Gibson’s forest coupe is inside the area of high conservation value forests which Prime Minister Gillard and Premier Giddings said would go into immediate interim protection. It didn’t, so whose word is truthful? If Ta Ann was not using high conservation value forest, this area would not be logged because Gunns’ quota has been retired. Ta Ann is driving the destruction of high conservation value forests and that fact is being conveyed to world markets which have been lied to in the advertising of Ta Ann’s “Ecoply”.

No wonder the London Olympics dumped Ta Ann as a supplier, because it is trying to be the most environmentally sustainable Olympic Games of all time and could not afford the reputational damage of using timber sourced from high conservation value forests. The Markets for Change campaign is helping to protect the reputation and brand of companies that want to do the right thing and these campaigners are now being subjected to the very intimidation of which Senator Abetz complains. How proud are we as Tasmanians of a political leadership which tries to silence those who have no vested interest but only a commitment to environmental protection?

Senator Abetz needs to realise that the world is now demanding transparency and the market at the high end wants to be sure of ethical standards, which is why footage of environmental destruction or animal cruelty or workplace abuse is so powerful. Rather than try to hide what really goes on in our forests, Senator Abetz should be joining the community groups who are demanding that the forest industry stops undermining Tasmania’s global reputation of being Clean and Green and transforms itself to reinforce our environmental competitive advantage.

Senator Abetz’s claims that corporate campaigns are blackmail campaigns, using unethical tactics by self appointed activists are more appropriately levelled at the real blackmail campaigns driven by some of the wealthiest most self-serving people in the nation. He did not mention the campaign against the super profits tax by Twiggy Forrest, Gina Reinhart, the Minerals Council and the big miners who paid $22 million in TV advertising to blackmail and intimidate a Government into letting them off paying back to the nation a reasonable return on the super profits they were making. This means less schools and hospitals for everyone right across Australia including Tasmania’s North West coast.

Senator Abetz is not worried by Rupert Murdoch owning 70 percent of the print media in Australia and using it to destroy the policies of democratically elected governments. Senator Abetz supports those self-serving and anti-national public interest corporate campaigns and those that undermine action on climate change or try to stop the health system being made fairer. In Senator Abetz’ world, it is okay for vested interest to use corporate campaigns to protect their profits but not environmentalists in the public interest. Hypocrisy writ large Senator Abetz.

Tasmania’s challenge is to have all its industry sectors – tourism, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, services, education, manufacturing, and the arts – all moving to secure long-term jobs and investment based on a high quality of life underpinned by our magnificent environment.

This appears as an opinion piece in The Advocate online.Source

 

SECURE COMMUNICATION INTEROPERABILITY PROTOCOL (SCIP) by NSA-pdf

SECURE COMMUNICATION INTEROPERABILITY PROTOCOL (SCIP)
The Secure Communication Interoperability Protocol (SCIP) is a communications standard developed bythe National Security Agency (NSA) to enable interoperable secure communications among allies andpartners around the globe.

The SCIP-210 Signaling Plan is the specification that defines the application layer signaling used tonegotiate a secure end-to-end session between two communication devices, independent of networktransport. SCIP negotiates the operational mode (e.g., voice, data, etc.), the cryptographic algorithmsuite (e.g., Suite A, Suite B, etc), and the traffic encryption key used for each secure session. It alsoprovides capabilities for cryptographic synchronization and operational mode control betweencommunicating end-point devices. SCIP is designed to operate over any network and is currently utilizedin devices operating on a wide variety of networks including PSTN, ISDN, CDMA, GSM, IP, and satellite.Potential developers of SCIP devices may contact the NSA SCIP Program Office atSCIP_POC@missi.ncsc.mil for further information. The SCIP-210 Signaling Plan is available withoutrestrictions on its use for the development, manufacture, and sale of SCIP products. Compliance andinteroperability testing will be necessary to ensure secure interoperability between the wide variety of current and future SCIP products

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SCIP-210Revision 3.219 December 2007vii

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.6-1 SCIP Application State Diagram – Point-to-Point…………………………………………..11 Figure 1.6-2 SCIP Protocol Layer Diagram – Point-to-Point………………………………………………12 Figure 1.7-1 Process Diagram Symbols……………………………………………………………………………13 Figure 2.1-1(a) Transport Layer Signaling Time Line (Framed)…………………………………………17 Figure 2.1-1(b) Transport Layer Signaling Time Line (Full bandwidth-to-Framed)………………18 Figure 2.1-1(c) Transport Layer Signaling Time Line (Full bandwidth-to-Full bandwidth)……18 Figure 2.1-2 Transmission Frame Group………………………………………………………………………….19 Figure 2.1-3 ESCAPE Processing…………………………………………………………………………………..24 Figure 2.1-4(a) Message Transmission…………………………………………………………………………….31 Figure 2.1-4(b) Message Transmission (Cont.)…………………………………………………………………32 Figure 2.1-5(a) Message Reception…………………………………………………………………………………35 Figure 2.1-5(b) Message Reception (Cont.)……………………………………………………………………..36 Figure 2.2-1(a) FIREFLY Secure Call Setup Signaling Time Line……………………………………..39 Figure 2.2-1(b) PPK Secure Call Setup Signaling Time Line……………………………………………..41 Figure 2.2-2 Capabilities Message Transmission………………………………………………………………57 Figure 2.2-3 Capabilities Message Reception Unique Processing……………………………………….60 Figure 2.2-4 Common Capabilities Message Processing……………………………………………………62 Figure 2.2-5 Parameters/Certificate Message Transmission……………………………………………….70 Figure 2.2-6(a) Parameters/Certificate Message Reception………………………………………………..72 Figure 2.2-6(b) Parameters/Certificate Message Reception (Cont.)…………………………………….73 Figure 2.2-6(c) Parameters/Certificate Message Reception (Cont.)……………………………………..74 Figure 2.2-7 F(R) Message Transmission…………………………………………………………………………79 Figure 2.2-8 F(R) Message Reception……………………………………………………………………………..81 Figure 2.2-9 Cryptosync Message Transmission……………………………………………………………….84 Figure 2.2-10 Cryptosync Message Reception………………………………………………………………….86 Figure 2.3-1(a) Notification Message Signaling Time Line (Full Bandwidth to Framed)……..107 Figure 2.3-1(b) Notification Message Signaling Time Line (Framed to Framed)………………..107 Figure 2.3-1(c) Notification Message Signaling Time Line (Full Bandwidth to FullBandwidth)…………………………………………………………………………………………..107 Figure 2.3-1(d) Mode Change Signaling Time Line………………………………………………………..108 Figure 2.3-1(e) Two-Way Resync Signaling Time Line…………………………………………………..108 Figure 2.3-2 Notification Message Processing (Connection Terminate)…………………………….115 Figure 2.3-3(a) Notification Message Processing (Native Clear Voice/Connection Idle)……..117 Figure 2.3-3(b) Notification Message Processing (Native Clear Voice/Connection Idle)(Cont.)…………………………………………………………………………………………………118 Figure 2.3-4 Notification Message Receive Processing (CKL Transfer)…………………………….124 Figure 2.3-5 Notification Message Processing (Secure Dial)……………………………………………126 Figure 2.3-6 Notification Message Processing (Attention)……………………………………………….130 Figure 2.3-7 Notification Message Processing (Secure Update)………………………………………..133 Figure 2.3-8 Mode Change Processing…………………………………………………………………………..135 Figure 2.3-9 Two-Way Resync Processing…………………………………………………………………….140 Figure 3.2-1 Application Timeout Processing…………………………………………………………………151 Figure 3.3-1 Secure MELP Voice Transmission Format – Blank and Burst……………………….154 Figure 3.3-2 Sync Management Frame Format – Blank and Burst…………………………………….154

SCIP-210Revision 3.219 December 2007vii

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.6-1 SCIP Application State Diagram – Point-to-Point…………………………………………..11 Figure 1.6-2 SCIP Protocol Layer Diagram – Point-to-Point………………………………………………12 Figure 1.7-1 Process Diagram Symbols……………………………………………………………………………13 Figure 2.1-1(a) Transport Layer Signaling Time Line (Framed)…………………………………………17 Figure 2.1-1(b) Transport Layer Signaling Time Line (Full bandwidth-to-Framed)………………18 Figure 2.1-1(c) Transport Layer Signaling Time Line (Full bandwidth-to-Full bandwidth)……18 Figure 2.1-2 Transmission Frame Group………………………………………………………………………….19 Figure 2.1-3 ESCAPE Processing…………………………………………………………………………………..24 Figure 2.1-4(a) Message Transmission…………………………………………………………………………….31 Figure 2.1-4(b) Message Transmission (Cont.)…………………………………………………………………32 Figure 2.1-5(a) Message Reception…………………………………………………………………………………35 Figure 2.1-5(b) Message Reception (Cont.)……………………………………………………………………..36 Figure 2.2-1(a) FIREFLY Secure Call Setup Signaling Time Line……………………………………..39 Figure 2.2-1(b) PPK Secure Call Setup Signaling Time Line……………………………………………..41 Figure 2.2-2 Capabilities Message Transmission………………………………………………………………57 Figure 2.2-3 Capabilities Message Reception Unique Processing……………………………………….60 Figure 2.2-4 Common Capabilities Message Processing……………………………………………………62 Figure 2.2-5 Parameters/Certificate Message Transmission……………………………………………….70 Figure 2.2-6(a) Parameters/Certificate Message Reception………………………………………………..72 Figure 2.2-6(b) Parameters/Certificate Message Reception (Cont.)…………………………………….73 Figure 2.2-6(c) Parameters/Certificate Message Reception (Cont.)……………………………………..74 Figure 2.2-7 F(R) Message Transmission…………………………………………………………………………79 Figure 2.2-8 F(R) Message Reception……………………………………………………………………………..81 Figure 2.2-9 Cryptosync Message Transmission……………………………………………………………….84 Figure 2.2-10 Cryptosync Message Reception………………………………………………………………….86 Figure 2.3-1(a) Notification Message Signaling Time Line (Full Bandwidth to Framed)……..107 Figure 2.3-1(b) Notification Message Signaling Time Line (Framed to Framed)………………..107 Figure 2.3-1(c) Notification Message Signaling Time Line (Full Bandwidth to FullBandwidth)…………………………………………………………………………………………..107 Figure 2.3-1(d) Mode Change Signaling Time Line………………………………………………………..108 Figure 2.3-1(e) Two-Way Resync Signaling Time Line…………………………………………………..108 Figure 2.3-2 Notification Message Processing (Connection Terminate)…………………………….115 Figure 2.3-3(a) Notification Message Processing (Native Clear Voice/Connection Idle)……..117 Figure 2.3-3(b) Notification Message Processing (Native Clear Voice/Connection Idle)(Cont.)…………………………………………………………………………………………………118 Figure 2.3-4 Notification Message Receive Processing (CKL Transfer)…………………………….124 Figure 2.3-5 Notification Message Processing (Secure Dial)……………………………………………126 Figure 2.3-6 Notification Message Processing (Attention)……………………………………………….130 Figure 2.3-7 Notification Message Processing (Secure Update)………………………………………..133 Figure 2.3-8 Mode Change Processing…………………………………………………………………………..135 Figure 2.3-9 Two-Way Resync Processing…………………………………………………………………….140 Figure 3.2-1 Application Timeout Processing…………………………………………………………………151 Figure 3.3-1 Secure MELP Voice Transmission Format – Blank and Burst……………………….154 Figure 3.3-2 Sync Management Frame Format – Blank and Burst…………………………………….154

SCIP-210Revision 3.219 December 2007vii

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.6-1 SCIP Application State Diagram – Point-to-Point…………………………………………..11 Figure 1.6-2 SCIP Protocol Layer Diagram – Point-to-Point………………………………………………12 Figure 1.7-1 Process Diagram Symbols……………………………………………………………………………13 Figure 2.1-1(a) Transport Layer Signaling Time Line (Framed)…………………………………………17 Figure 2.1-1(b) Transport Layer Signaling Time Line (Full bandwidth-to-Framed)………………18 Figure 2.1-1(c) Transport Layer Signaling Time Line (Full bandwidth-to-Full bandwidth)……18 Figure 2.1-2 Transmission Frame Group………………………………………………………………………….19 Figure 2.1-3 ESCAPE Processing…………………………………………………………………………………..24 Figure 2.1-4(a) Message Transmission…………………………………………………………………………….31 Figure 2.1-4(b) Message Transmission (Cont.)…………………………………………………………………32 Figure 2.1-5(a) Message Reception…………………………………………………………………………………35 Figure 2.1-5(b) Message Reception (Cont.)……………………………………………………………………..36 Figure 2.2-1(a) FIREFLY Secure Call Setup Signaling Time Line……………………………………..39 Figure 2.2-1(b) PPK Secure Call Setup Signaling Time Line……………………………………………..41 Figure 2.2-2 Capabilities Message Transmission………………………………………………………………57 Figure 2.2-3 Capabilities Message Reception Unique Processing……………………………………….60 Figure 2.2-4 Common Capabilities Message Processing……………………………………………………62 Figure 2.2-5 Parameters/Certificate Message Transmission……………………………………………….70 Figure 2.2-6(a) Parameters/Certificate Message Reception………………………………………………..72 Figure 2.2-6(b) Parameters/Certificate Message Reception (Cont.)…………………………………….73 Figure 2.2-6(c) Parameters/Certificate Message Reception (Cont.)……………………………………..74 Figure 2.2-7 F(R) Message Transmission…………………………………………………………………………79 Figure 2.2-8 F(R) Message Reception……………………………………………………………………………..81 Figure 2.2-9 Cryptosync Message Transmission……………………………………………………………….84 Figure 2.2-10 Cryptosync Message Reception………………………………………………………………….86 Figure 2.3-1(a) Notification Message Signaling Time Line (Full Bandwidth to Framed)……..107 Figure 2.3-1(b) Notification Message Signaling Time Line (Framed to Framed)………………..107 Figure 2.3-1(c) Notification Message Signaling Time Line (Full Bandwidth to FullBandwidth)…………………………………………………………………………………………..107 Figure 2.3-1(d) Mode Change Signaling Time Line………………………………………………………..108 Figure 2.3-1(e) Two-Way Resync Signaling Time Line…………………………………………………..108 Figure 2.3-2 Notification Message Processing (Connection Terminate)…………………………….115 Figure 2.3-3(a) Notification Message Processing (Native Clear Voice/Connection Idle)……..117 Figure 2.3-3(b) Notification Message Processing (Native Clear Voice/Connection Idle)(Cont.)…………………………………………………………………………………………………118 Figure 2.3-4 Notification Message Receive Processing (CKL Transfer)…………………………….124 Figure 2.3-5 Notification Message Processing (Secure Dial)……………………………………………126 Figure 2.3-6 Notification Message Processing (Attention)……………………………………………….130 Figure 2.3-7 Notification Message Processing (Secure Update)………………………………………..133 Figure 2.3-8 Mode Change Processing…………………………………………………………………………..135 Figure 2.3-9 Two-Way Resync Processing…………………………………………………………………….140 Figure 3.2-1 Application Timeout Processing…………………………………………………………………151 Figure 3.3-1 Secure MELP Voice Transmission Format – Blank and Burst……………………….154 Figure 3.3-2 Sync Management Frame Format – Blank and Burst…………………………………….154

SCIP-210Revision 3.219 December 2007viii
LIST OF FIGURES (Cont.)
Figure 3.3-3 Secure MELP Voice Transmission Format – Burst w/o Blank……………………….159 Figure 3.3-4 Sync Management Frame Format – Burst w/o Blank…………………………………….159 Figure 3.3-5 Clear MELP Voice Transmission Format…………………………………………………….163 Figure 3.3-6 Clear MELP Voice Sync Management Frame Format…………………………………..163 Figure 3.3-7 Secure G.729D Voice Transmission……………………………………………………………166 Figure 3.3-8 Secure G.729D Voice Superframe Details…………………………………………………..167 Figure 3.3-9 Secure G.729D Voice Escape and Return Example (No Cryptosync)……………..167 Figure 3.3-10 Secure G.729D Voice Sync Management Frame Format……………………………..169 Figure 3.3-11 Secure G.729D Voice Encrypted Speech Frame Header………………………………170 Figure 3.4-1 Secure RT Asynchronous Data Message Preparation…………………………………….174 Figure 3.4-2 V.14 Asynchronous Data Input Ordering…………………………………………………….175 Figure 3.4-3 Secure BET Asynchronous Data Transmission Format…………………………………178 Figure 3.4-4 Secure BET Asynchronous Data Superframe Structure…………………………………179 Figure 3.4-5 Sync Management Frame Format……………………………………………………………….180 Figure 3.4-6 V.14 Asynchronous Data Input Ordering…………………………………………………….180 Figure 4.1-1 Rekey Protocol Conversion Using the GRFE……………………………………………….184 Figure 4.1-2 Electronic Rekey System Infrastructure………………………………………………………185 Figure 4.2-1 SCIP Rekey Message Preparation……………………………………………………………….186 Figure 5.1-1 Multipoint Transport Signaling Timeline…………………………………………………….191 Figure 5.1-2 Multiple Multipoint Cryptosync Message Transmissions………………………………192 Figure 5.2-1 SCIP Multipoint State Diagram………………………………………………………………….197 Figure 5.2-2 Multipoint Secure Voice Transmit Signaling Time Line………………………………..198 Figure 5.2-3 Multipoint Cryptosync Message Transmission……………………………………………..200 Figure 5.2-4 Multipoint MELP Voice Transmission Format – Blank and Burst………………….202 Figure 5.2-5 End of Multipoint Secure Traffic Transmission……………………………………………203 Figure 5.2-6 Multipoint Cryptosync Message Reception………………………………………………….205 Figure 5.2-7 Multipoint Secure Voice Traffic Reception………………………………………………….206 Figure 5.2-8 Multipoint Late Entry Cryptographic Synchronization………………………………….208 Figure 5.2-9 End of Multipoint Secure Traffic Reception…………………………………………………209 Figure B-1 DTX Voice………………………………………………………………………………………………..B-1

BAE Board of Directors: they all sleep together

Significant shareholders

BAE SYSTEMS divides its different interests into business groups, each of which is overseen by one of three COOs (Chief of Operations). Only three companies hold over 3% of the shares issued by BAE SYSTEMS; Franklin Resources Inc (6.2%), Brandes Investment Partners, LP (4.0%), and CGNU plc (3.2%).

Subsidiaries

BAE holds significant equity in many ventures worldwide, the most important of which include:

Matra BAE Dynamics
Six Hills Way, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2DA, UK
TEL: 01438 312422

This company is a joint venture with a French arms manufacturer. It concentrates on the development of guided weapons for use on land, air and sea. It has recently won a contract to produce the Meteor, an air-to-air guided missile, for use in the Eurofighter project. It has an order book of £2.5 billion, and employs around 6,100 staff (2850 in the UK and 3250 in France). BAE SYSTEMS owns 50% of this company.

SAAB AB Group
Box 70363
SE-107 24 Stockholm, Sweden

Visiting Address:
Kungsbron 1, World Trade Centre, Entrance G, 6th Floor.
Telephone: +46 8 463 00 00
FAX: +46 8 463 01 52
Web site: http://www.saab.se
E-mail: infosaab@saab.se

SAAB is a large Swedish based engineering company, employing over 14,000 staff. Its total annual sales are around SEK 16,000 million, or over £1 billion. Its most obvious link to BAE SYSTEMS is its Gripen fighter, which is developed and sold in collaboration with the British firm. BAE SYSTEMS is by far the largest shareholder with a 35% stake.

Alenia Marconi Systems Inc. (AMS)
Eastwood House
Glebe Road
Chelmsford
Essex
UK

BAE SYSTEMS owns 50% of the shares in this company, Finmeccanica of Italy the other 50%. AMS is one of Europe’s leading providers of radar and air control systems. In fact, it is one of the 3 leading manufacturers of land and naval radar systems in the world.

Aeronautical Technologies Company Ltd, SA
c/o Advanced Technologies and Engineering Company (PTY) Ltd
PO Box 632
Halfway House
1685 South Africa
Tel: +27 11 314 2170 Fax: +27 11 314 2151

This company is a South African based avionics systems integration and UAV (unmanned air vehicle) manufacturer, whose programmes include systems upgrade programmes on Hawk jets, as well as manufacture of the Vulture class UAV. BAE SYSTEMS has a 20% share in the company.

Airbus Integrated Company Ltd.
The Airbus Integrated Company is a joint venture between Europe’s largest aerospace and arms firms, to manufacture a series of short, medium and long range commercial aircraft. It is manufacturing the world’s largest commercial aircraft, the A380, which can carry more than 600 passengers. BAE SYSTEMS owns 20% of the shares in this company; the other 80% are owned by EADS, the European arms manufacturer’s coalition.

The contact addresses for queries about Airbus are those for BAE (see above) and EADS:
EADS Deustchland GmbH
PO Box 801109
81663 Munich
Germany

EADS France S.A.S
37, Boulevard de Montmorecy
75781 Paris, Cedex16,
France

Astrium Ltd
37, Avenue Louis Breguet BP1
78146 Velizy Villacoublay
Cedex
France

Tel: +33 (0) 1 34 88 30 00
Fax: +33 (0) 1 34 88 43 43
Website: http://www.astrium-space.com

BAE SYSTEMS owns 25% of the shares of this company, the other 75% are owned by EADS. Astrium is one of Europe’s leading space technology companies, and is involved in communications and military satellites, as well as launch vehicles for European space efforts.

Competence Center Informatik
Lohberg 10
Postfach1225
49716 Meppen/Rule
Germany

Tel: +49 5931 805-0
Fax: +49 5931 805-100
Website: http://www.cci.de

This is a German based information technology company, which designs computer systems for the arms trade and commercial world, including both hardware and software. BAE SYSTEMS’ share in the company is 10%. Other notable shareholders include DaimlerChrysler Aerospace (10%), and Sema Group GmbH (77.5%).

Euromandarin Ltd
7th Floor
Harcourt House
39 Gloucester Road
Wanchai
Hong Kong

Tel: +85 2 2143 6878 Fax: +85 2 2143 6642

A venture capital orientated company set up in 1998 to research, structure and manage aerospace related investments in Greater China. BAE SYSTEMS own 50% of the shares in this company. The other 50% are owned by First Mandarin in Hong Kong.

Exostar SM
13530 Dulles Technology Drive, Suite 200
Herndon, VA 20171
USA

Phone: 703-561-0500
Fax: 703-793-1673
Website: http://www.exostar.com

In the UK:
New Filton House
PO Box 5
Filton, Bristol BS34 7QW
UK

Freephone number: 0800-917-2485
Fax: +01 703-793-7962
Worldwide: Phone: +01 703-793-7800
Fax: +01 703-793-7962

Exostar SM is a company set up to develop and operate a marketplace for the aerospace and arms industries. BAE SYSTEMS have a 25% share in the company. The other shareholders are Boeing, Lockheed Martin and Raytheon, all with a 25% share. It is hoped by BAE that the company will help increase efficiency and collaboaration between companies in the industry. ExostarSM is headquartered in the Washington DC area, although the company plans a significant presence in both Europe and Asia. The exchange has been trading since September 2000.

Innovation Partnerships Worldwide
PO Box 5249
Rutland Hall
Ashby Road
Loughborough
Leicestershire
LE11 3WW
UK

Tel: +44 (0) 1509 228499 Fax: +44 (0) 1509 211516

This, according to BAE, is a joint venture with Loughborough University, designed to ‘promote social and economic programmes in the global marketplace.’ Its main purpose would seem to be to get University students familiar and comfortable with the BAE brand and ‘ethic’. BAE SYSTEMS share in the project is 55%, with the other 45% being owned by Loughborough University.

Singapore British Engineering PTE Ltd
435 Orchard Road
#19-02, Wisma Atria
Singapore 0923

Tel: +65 735 8328 Fax: +65 735 8233

This is, bluntly, a marketing front for BAE SYSTEMS equipment and expertise in South East Asia. BAE SYSTEMS’ share is 51%, the other 49% is held by Singapore Technologies.

Spectrum Technologies PLC
Western Avenue
Bridgend
CF31 3RT
United Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0) 1656 655437 Fax: +44 (0) 1656 655920
Email: sales@spectrum-technologies.co.uk
Website: http://www.spectrum-technologies.co.uk

A developer and supplier of high technology UV laser equipment and services for manufacturing processes; specifically the CAPRIS range of laser wire marking and processing systems, used by most aerospace companies around the world. BAE owns 20% of the company.

STN Atlas Electronik GmbH
Sebaldsbruecker Heerstr.
28305 Bremen
Germany

Tel: +49 421457 0
Fax: +49 421 457 29 00

This German-based company specialises in defence electronics, with its activites stretching from weapons control systems to virtual reality, radar technology, unmanned vehicles and communications. BAE owns 49% of the company.

Togethr HR Services Ltd
PO Box 87
Lancaster House
Farnborough Aerospace Centre
Farnborough
Hampshire
GU14 6YU
UK

Tel: +44 (0) 1252 373232 Fax: +44 (0) 1252 383456
Website: http://www.togethr.com

Togethr was formed on 1 May 2001. According to BAE, it ‘will provide human resource support services to BAE SYSTEMS and the rapidly growing global integrated HR services market.’ Its services include recruitment, learning, benefits, pensions administration and HR (human resources) systems and records. BAE SYSTEMS share is 50%, the other 50% being held by Xchanging Ltd.

Board of Directors

As can be seen from the above interests and shareholdings of BAE SYSTEMS, the company controls a tremendous amount of the world’s defence industry, and especially dominates the UK market. The board of directors at BAE reflects this width of interests, with several directors having been formerly on the boards of other engineering and manufacturing firms. However, this information may be quickly outdated, given the boardroom coup that recently deposed the former CEO, John Weston (see History and Stategy). Up-to-date information regarding the current Board of Directors may be found on the BAE SYSTEMS website at: http://www.baesystems.com/overview/leaders.htm

Corporate Leaders

Sir Richard Harry Evans, CBE
Chairman, BAE SYSTEMS plc
Evans was born in Blackpool in 1942 and educated at the Royal Masonic School, Hertfordshire. In 1960, he joined the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation and, shortly afterwards, moved into the then newly-formed Ministry of Technology. Appointed Deputy Managing Director (and Managing Director Designate) of the newly formed British Aerospace Military Aircraft Division in 1986, he was awarded the CBE in the Queen’s Birthday Honours List for ‘Services to Export’.

In January 1987 Evans was appointed to the Board of British Aerospace plc as Marketing Director and the following year he became the Chairman of the British Aerospace Defence companies. Evans was appointed Chief Executive of the Company in 1990 and concurrently has been a member of the Supervisory Board of Airbus Industrie since 1992. In June 1992 he was elected for a one-year term as President of the Society of British Aerospace Companies. He was knighted in the 1996 Queen’s Birthday Honours. On May 1, 1998, Evans was appointed Chairman of British Aerospace plc.

In 1997 Evans joined the Board of United Utilities plc as a Non-Executive Director and was appointed Chairman on January 1, 2001. In 1998 he became a Non Executive Director of NatWest plc and resigned from that Board in February 2000.Evans has also been elected an Honorary Member of the NSPCC (National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children) Council.[23]

The Observer described Sir Richard Evans as ‘one of the few businessmen who can see Blair on request’.[24] (See also section on Influence: Tony and Dick)

Mike Turner, CBE
BAE SYSTEMS Chief Executive Officer
In October 1991, Turner was elected a Fellow of The Royal Aeronautical Society. In January 1994, he was appointed Chairman of Commercial Aerospace, which added BAe Airbus to his portfolio, and also became a member of the Main Board of British Aerospace plc. In June 1995 he was appointed Vice President of the SBAC (Society of British Aerospace Companies) and was President from June 1996 until June 1997. In 1996, Turner was appointed a Non-Executive Director of Babcock International Group plc. In April 1996, Turner took responsibility for BAe’s defence export business (in addition to his commercial aircraft responsibilities) when the sales and marketing Managing Directors were made responsible to him.

When British Aerospace plc and Marconi Electronic Systems merged in 1999 to created BAE SYSTEMS, Turner became Chief Operating Officer of the new company. He was awarded a CBE for services to the Aerospace Industry in the Queen’s Birthday Honours list in June 1999. Following the dismissal of the former CEO of BAE SYSTEMS, John Weston, on March 26th 2002, Turner became the new CEO.[25] It seems likely that he will change the Board of Directors at least slightly, in order to cement his position.

Mike Turner is co-chair of the Transatlantic Business Dialogue (TABD) for the year 2002. (See section on Lobbying)

Sir Charles Masefield
BAE SYSTEMS Vice Chairman
Sir Charles Masefield was educated at Cambridge University where he gained an Honours Degree in Aeronautical Engineering and flew with the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. In 1994 the British Government requested Masefield to take over responsibility for Britain’s defence exports working within the Ministry of Defence reporting to the Secretary of State for Defence. During his four and a half years of responsibility for defence exports the UK’s world market share rose from 16% to 25%, second only to the United States.

In December 1998 Masefield left Government service to take up an appointment as Vice Chairman of GEC plc. Following completion of the merger between British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems, Masefield was appointed to the Board of BAE SYSTEMS as Group Marketing Director. Masefield was the 1994/95 President of the Royal Aeronautical Society and was knighted in 1997 for services to British exports.[26]

Sarah Myers
Chief of Staff

George Rose
Group Financial Director BAE SYSTEMS
In 1988 Rose was appointed Finance Director of Leyland DAF UK and subsequently Director, Group Control of DAF NV located in the Netherlands. He returned to the UK and was appointed Rover Group’s Company Controller in March 1992. In December 1995 he was appointed non-Executive Director of Orange plc, and in April 1998 he was appointed as the Finance Director for British Aerospace plc.
In the same year he was appointed as a non-Executive Director of SAAB AB.[27]

Michael Lester
Group Legal Director BAE SYSTEMS
Lester was engaged in private practice until 1980 when he joined the General Electric Company plc (GEC) as an Associate Director and Director of Legal Affairs. Lester was appointed a Director of GEC in December 1983 and Vice-Chairman in July 1994. He was appointed a Non-Executive Director of Premier Farnell in 1998. Following the completion of the merger between British Aerospace Plc and Marconi Electronic Systems, Mr Lester joined the Board of BAE SYSTEMS.[28]

Steven Lewis Mogford
BAE SYSTEMS Chief Operating Officer
Mogford joined British Aerospace Military Aircraft in 1977 as a Supply Engineer at the company’s Preston site in Lancashire. He was appointed Programmes Director – Al Yamamah in 1994 and Managing Director of Systems and Services at the end of 1995. Following the merger of British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems in November 1999 he was appointed group managing Director Programmes & Managing Director Eurofighter, BAE SYSTEMS. From April 1, 2000 he became Chief Operating Officer – Programmes, responsible for BAE SYSTEMS’ major projects and Customer Support, joining the Board of the Company.[29]

Non-Executive Directors

Sir Robin Biggam
Chairman of the Independent Television Commission and the Fairey Group plc. Also a non-executive director of British Energy plc.

Professor Sue Birley
Professor of Entrepreneurship at Imperial College, University of London, and was formerly a non-executive director at National Westminster Bank plc.

Keith Brown
Formerly managing director of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter plc. Chairman of the Racecourse Association, and of the International Advisory Board for Bipop–Carier (Italy).

Dr Ulrich Cartillieri
A member of the supervisory board of Deutsche Bank AG, a director of Robert Bosch GmbH, Henkel KgaA and deputy chairman of DEG, the German government owned Investment and Development company.

Sir Ronald Hampel
Chairman of United Business Media plc, former chairman of ICI plc and a non-executive director of the Aluminium Company of America.

Lord Hesketh
A non-executive deputy chairman of Babcock International Group plc. A former Government chief whip in the House of Lords and a Privy Councillor.

Paolo Scaroni
Group chief executive of Pilkington plc, and formerly a non-executive director of Burmah Castrol plc.